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18th century
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| 1931 - 1942 [chemistry] Salimuzzaman Siddiqui was a leading Pakistani scientist in natural products chemistry. He is the pioneer in extracting chemical compunds from the Neem and Rauwolfia, and is also known for isolating novel chemical compunds from various other flora in the Indian subcontinent. As the director of H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, he carried out extensive research with a team of scientists on pharmacology of various plants to extract a number of chemical substances of medicinal importance. 1944 - 2000 [medicine, engineering] Iranian physician and engineer Toffy Musivand invents artificial cardiac pump as treatment for heart failure, and develops "remote power transfer for implantable medical devices, remote patient monitoring (telemedicine), biofluid dynamics to reduce/eliminate thrombosis in blood conducting devices, patient care simulation centre, detection devices and methods for detection, in situ sterilization, medical devices (failure analysis and regulatory process), and medical sensors."
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1960 [physics] Iranian physicist Ali Javan invents the gas laser
1966 [astronautics, space exploration] Kerim Kerimov becomes the leading scientist of the Soviet space program. 1967 [astronautics, space exploration] Kerim Kerimov launches the Cosmos 186 and Cosmos 188 (the precursors of space stations), during which mutual search, approach, mooring and docking were automatically performed for the first time in the history of space exploration. |
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1967 - 1972 [astronautics, space exploration] Farouk El-Baz from Egypt worked for NASA and was involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program, where he was secretary of the Landing Site Selection Committee, Principal Investigator of Visual Observations and Photography, chairman of the Astronaut Training Group, and assisted in the planning of scientific explorations of the Moon, including the selection of landing sites for the Apollo missions and the training of astronauts in lunar observations and photography.
1969 [engineering] Bangladeshi engineer Fazlur Khan, regarded as the "Einstein of structural engineering" and "the greatest architectural engineer of the second half of the 20th century" for his designs of structural systems that remain fundamental to all high-rise skyscrapers, designs and constructs the John Hancock Center. |
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| 1969 [chemistry, medicine] Iranian scientist Samuel Rahbar discovered glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), a form of hemoglobin used primarily to identify plasma glucose concentration over time. He was also the first to describe its increase in diabetes. 1971 [economics] Bangladeshi economist Muhammad Yunus, founder of Grameen Bank, successfully applies the concept of microcredit to the first microfinance banking system. 1971 [astronautics, space exploration] Kerim Kerimov launches the first space station, the Salyut 1. 1972 - 1982 [astronautics, space exploration] Kerim Kerimov launches more space stations as part of the Salyut series. |
Muhammad Younis |
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1979 [physics] Pakistani theoretical physicist, Abdus Salam, received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his pioneering work on the electroweak interaction theory which is the mathematical and conceptual synthesis of the electromagnetic and weak interactions. |
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| 1980s [engineering, nuclear physics] Pakistan is the first Islamic country which successfully developed nuclear technology, under the leadership of Abdul Qadeer Khan.
Abdul Qadeer Khan is also developed & designed a first pakistani Blastic Missile Ghauri (Approx.Range 2500- 5000 Km) |
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| 1980s [Organic Chemistry] Atta-ur-Rehman, Pakistani Chemist and one of the leading chemists of 20th century. Atta-ur-Rehman has over 778 publications in organic chemistry,15 patents,93 books and 59 chapters in various books. On the basis of his researches 68 students have been awarded Ph.D degrees in various areas of natural product chemistry. He is also a member of Royal Society of London. He has also been awarded a degree of Doctor of Science. |
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| 1985 [astronautics, space exploration] Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud becomes the first Muslim astronaut in space, as a Payload Specialist aboard the STS-51-G Space Shuttle Discovery, completed on June 24 1985 [astronautics, space exploration] Muhammed Faris is selected to participate in the Intercosmos spaceflight program on September 30 as the first Syrian in space 1986 [astronautics, space exploration] Kerim Kerimov launches the Mir, the first consistently inhabited long-term research space station and which holds the record for the longest continuous human presence in space. 1987 [astronautics, space exploration] Muhammed Faris becomes the first Syrian in space aboard the Soyuz TM-2 and Soyuz TM-3 expeditions to Mir space station. He is awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union and Order of Lenin titles later that year.
1988 [astronautics, space exploration] Abdul Ahad Mohmand becomes the first Afghan astronaut in space, aboard the Soyuz TM-5 expedition to Mir space station |
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| 1990 [economics] Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq co-develops the Human Development Index
1999 [chemistry] Egyptian chemist Ahmed Zewail is awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his advances in femtochemistry |
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| 21st century 2000 [computer science] Many of the core components of PayPal, including its real-time anti-fraud systems, is designed and implemented by Bangladeshi American software engineer Jawed Karim & Co-founder YouTube.com 2000 - 2007 [chemistry, geometry, literature] In electrochemistry, Iranian scientist Ali Eftekhari is regarded as a founder of electrochemical nanotechnology, particularly for his development of carbon nanotubes.He also carries out scientific research on the field of fractal geometry and applies it to different aspects of science, thus pioneering the concepts of fractal electrochemistry, electrochemical reactions, and fractal geometry of literature. 2001 [astronautics, space exploration] Talgat Musabayev travels to the International Space Station as a commander aboard the Soyuz TM-31 and Soyuz TM-32 for over seven days. In total, he has spent over 339 days in space, making him one of the top 25 astronauts by time in space. 2001 [physics] Iranian physicist Mehran Kardar is awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship prize for his development of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation
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| 2008
[Philosophy,Metaphysics] Hammad Yousuf, Pakistani Philosopher developed a MetaExistence School of Thought in nine years of his research work. There are the number of thoughts in MetaExistence School mainly on Metaphysics and Super Natural Sciences. He is also presented a new political system against Democratic political system. In 2008, His name is also included in world's young leaders of 21st century.
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